SYAIKHONA MUHAMMAD KHOLIL BANGKALAN: PERANNYA DALAM SOSIAL KEAGAMAAN PERSPEKTIF MODERASI BERAGAMA

Abstract

This study examines the socio-religious role of Syaikhona Muhammad Kholil of Bangkalan from the perspective of religious moderation. Syaikhona Kholil was a charismatic Islamic scholar from Madura who played a significant role in the spread of Islam in the Indonesian archipelago, particularly in promoting a moderate approach to religion. Religious moderation, understood as a balance between religious commitment and tolerance toward diversity, serves as a foundational principle in maintaining harmony in Indonesia’s multicultural society. This research employs a qualitative approach with data collected through observation, documentation, and in-depth interviews. The data were analyzed using a descriptive-critical method, incorporating both content analysis and critical discourse analysis. The study is framed by theories of religious functionalism, Weberian charisma, religious moderation, and transformational leadership. The findings reveal that Syaikhona Kholil not only imparted religious knowledge but also actively promoted national commitment, non-violence, interfaith tolerance, and cultural inclusivity. His leadership fostered inclusive social harmony and strengthened a contextual, humane understanding of Islam. His teachings remain relevant in addressing contemporary religious challenges and in reinforcing moderation in the context of Indonesia’s religious diversity. This study offers valuable insights into how religious moderation has historically been embodied and practiced through the leadership of local Islamic scholars such as Syaikhona Muhammad Kholil.